Malawi: Ethanol-Driven Vehicle Under Test

A Malawi project investigating ethanol-based fuels is conducting road tests on an ethanol-propelled vehicle.

Supporters of the project argue that a switch to ethanol fuel would not only benefit the environment but also increase employment in the country's sugarcane industry and save on foreign exchange spent on fuel imports.

According to Freeman Kalirani, a lead researcher on the project -- based at Lilongwe Technical College and conducted jointly with the department of science and technology -- a modified Mitsubishi Pajero will be tested over a 350 kilometre route from Lilongwe to Mzuzu.

The five-year, US$1 million project, backed by the Malawi government, is investigating the practicability of flex-fuel vehicles that use either 100 per cent locally manufactured ethanol, or a combination of ethanol and petrol.

Until February 2006, all cars in Malawi used leaded petrol blended with 20 per cent ethanol. Since then, the country has switched to unleaded petrol blended with 10 per cent ethanol. Proponents of ethanol use argue that continued over-dependence on fossil fuels has economic, social, climate and biodiversity impacts for humans and the entire ecosystem.

Kendron Chisale, Malawi's deputy director of science and technology, said a switch to ethanol would allow Malawi to comply with procedures aimed at emission reduction, as agreed by parties at the 2006 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Nairobi in November. "This will eventually mitigate climate change related disasters," he says.

Charles Mtonga, an economic analyst, told SciDev.Net that one advantage of using ethanol as a renewable energy source is that it can increase employment in the sugarcane industry. "It can also save on foreign exchange lost through importation of petroleum products," he said

But Mtonga cautioned against over-enthusiasm, calling for continued research on how vehicles previously propelled by petrol can best be modified to use ethanol.

He also warned that huge investments in production and installation of additional pumps would be required to make ethanol fuel available throughout the country.

Malawi produces ethanol from sugar molasses in bulk amounts at Dwangwa, in the central region lakeshore district of Nkhota-kota.

Steps across time

by Mzati Nkolokosa , 13 December 2006 - 09:11:20

The first and second presidents of Malawi had their own way of dealing with crises. Now the third president, Bingu wa Mutharika, seems to be different—altogether. First president of Malawi Dr Hastings Kamuzu Banda had his own way of ruling the country, a way different from the other two leaders: Bakili Muluzi and Bingu wa Mutharika. In July, 1964, Malawians danced to the tune of freedom. On the eve of lowering the British Union Jack and raising the Malawi flag, people danced to hopes of a better tomorrow under self rule. But as one poet recalls, what was supposed to be freedom turned into a 30-year arduous journey of fleeing into exile, detention without trial and mysterious deaths. Two months after independence, Banda faced opposition from his own Cabinet. He dismissed three ministers—Kanyama Chiume, Orton Chirwa and Harry Bwanausi. Three others—Yatuta Chisiza, Henry Masauko Chipembere and Willie Chokani—resigned in protest. This was a Cabinet of educated men and women, principled, too. They knew the dignity of resignation, a powerful lesson missed by many who stick to positions even when they are implementing ideas against their conscience. Banda soon turned into a dictator. (This is what we are forgetting. Banda was a dictator in whose time Malawians suffered a lot. It is a mockery of our history if we turn him into a secular saint.) Yet Banda won an overwhelming vote of confidence in Parliament. His chief opponent, Henry Masauko Chipembere, was placed under house arrest but ran away. Banda immediately announced new security measures to stop rebellion. He used tyranny to deal with opposition until 1991 when the heavy wind of change was inevitable and Banda was blown off into democracy. But before that he used tyranny. Period. Decade of Muluzi Thirty years of dictatorship came to an end in June, 1993 when Malawians, inspired by their inner desire for freedom, voted for multiparty democracy. The founding president of the multiparty democracy had his own challenges. Months after the May, 1994 elections, the Malawi Congress Party (MCP) and the Alliance for Democracy (Aford) formed an alliance. UDF went into Parliament with 83 MPs in a House of 168 members. The rest were in the alliance basically to give Muluzi tough time. There was even talk of impeachment. But this crisis was managed. Muluzi hooked Aford into government by making its leader Chakufwa Chihana Second Vice-President. Other party officials were taken into the Cabinet. Twenty months later, Chihana ended the political marriage, but he lost some of his officials who remained in government. After the 1999 elections, Chihana came into government as second Vice-President, again. It seems this position in Malawi was solely created for Chihana because he is the only one who occupied the office and it doesn’t seem likely the vacancy will be filled. This second time, Muluzi was facing a crisis of leaving office. He, most brazenly, wanted to remain in office beyond the constitutional two terms. And Aford was a means of achieving this shame for which Muluzi has not yet apologised to the people of Malawi. In both cases, Muluzi used the appeasement policy. He bloated his Cabinet to 46. Perhaps Muluzi is not a political engineer. He was an engineer of appeasement, a policy that has always failed in world history. Political engineering—if at all there is that field—is a combination of liberty and economic growth. Muluzi failed on both. He left the country poorer than he found it. He robbed people of their freedoms. In the times of crisis he failed to manage the economy. His party’s Young Democrats were beating up people with alternative views. Further, Muluzi didn’t listen to brilliant minds in his party. People like Justin Malewezi and Aleke Banda were disgraced. Muluzi used appeasement, mistakenly referred to as political engineering. Enter Mutharika President Bingu wa Mutharika was supposed to be out of office by now, so said opposition leaders. Gwanda Chakuamba was exact, saying Mutharika would not be President by Christmas 2005. This is now about Christmas 2006 and Mutharika is still in office. Yet impeachment was not the first trouble for Mutharika. His reign has been a troublesome three years. Mutharika came into office with about 30 percent of the May, 2004, elections vote. The President’s inaugural speech on May 25, 2004, was a departure from UDF style. It became clear that Mutharika would follow a different style from that of Muluzi, a man who had just handed the presidency to Mutharika. The paradox was that Mutharika’s inaugural speech was welcomed by those who rejected him: the print media, the opposition, the civil society. That same speech was rejected by UDF because it was a bitter pill meant to heal the country’s ailing economy. The first visible trouble for Mutharika was the probability of the rejection of the 2004 budget. Members of Parliament who worked with UDF reveal that the party planned to reject the budget. Malawians were worried. The civil society felt sorry for a President who seemed powerless. This revealed the way Mutharika was to deal with crises. He went on public radio and television to plead for public sympathy by portraying UDF and MCP as rejecting the budget. The President went further to explain what a year without an approved budget means to people. “There will be no medicine, no subsidised fertiliser,” he said. “There will be no money to pay the MPs, too.” It worked. The country was against opposition MPs. Students from the universities of Malawi and Mzuzu besieged the gates of New State House to threaten opposition MPs. Some MPs had to hide in the dusty townships of the Capital City. This method worked again when the President was threatened with impeachment. The country turned up against opposition MPs. Now it is clear Mutharika seeks and uses public sympathy—legitimately or not—during crises and so far he has sailed through. The most recent search for public sympathy was at the weekend when Mutharika, whose administration has messed up the distribution of fertiliser coupons, accused the opposition of sabotage. The mess is Mutharika’s own but politically he has managed to convince some, thousands perhaps, that this is the opposition’s mess. There is one difference, though. Mutharika has been able to manage the economy while managing political troubles while Muluzi was busy appeasing political buddies at the expense of the economy. Interest rates have now been reduced. These might not be remarkable achievements. But an achievement is an achievement. Conclusion The theory that it takes one man to destroy a country is true. Zimbabwe, built by millions for decades and destroyed by Robert Mugabe in a couple of years, is a typical example. In the years to come, history will analyse the three leaders and choose who, among them, was close to a democrat, one who ran a government of the people, by the people and for the people. Feedback: mzatinews@yahoo.com

Uhuru should learn from Malawi

Rather than being former president Daniel arap Moi’s man, as recent events indicate, Uhuru Kenyatta’s style as president of Kenya might have been much like Malawi’s after Bakili Muluzi and Zambia’s after Frederick Chiluba.

Both of these men assumed that their replacements (Bingu wa Mutharika in Malawi and Levy Mwanawasa in Zambia) would be friendly to their legacies and continue to advance their interests once they had stepped down. How sadly mistaken they were.

Robert Alu
Dar es Salaam